/*!
 * jQuery BBQ: Back Button & Query Library - v1.4pre - 1/15/2013
 * http://benalman.com/projects/jquery-bbq-plugin/
 * 
 * Copyright (c) 2010-2013 "Cowboy" Ben Alman
 * Dual licensed under the MIT and GPL licenses.
 * http://benalman.com/about/license/
 */

// Script: jQuery BBQ: Back Button & Query Library
//
// *Version: 1.4pre, Last updated: 1/15/2013*
// 
// Project Home - http://benalman.com/projects/jquery-bbq-plugin/
// GitHub       - http://github.com/cowboy/jquery-bbq/
// Source       - http://github.com/cowboy/jquery-bbq/raw/master/jquery.ba-bbq.js
// (Minified)   - http://github.com/cowboy/jquery-bbq/raw/master/jquery.ba-bbq.min.js (2.2kb gzipped)
// 
// About: License
// 
// Copyright (c) 2010-2013 "Cowboy" Ben Alman,
// Dual licensed under the MIT and GPL licenses.
// http://benalman.com/about/license/
// 
// About: Examples
// 
// These working examples, complete with fully commented code, illustrate a few
// ways in which this plugin can be used.
// 
// Basic AJAX     - http://benalman.com/code/projects/jquery-bbq/examples/fragment-basic/
// Advanced AJAX  - http://benalman.com/code/projects/jquery-bbq/examples/fragment-advanced/
// jQuery UI Tabs - http://benalman.com/code/projects/jquery-bbq/examples/fragment-jquery-ui-tabs/
// Deparam        - http://benalman.com/code/projects/jquery-bbq/examples/deparam/
// 
// About: Support and Testing
// 
// Information about what version or versions of jQuery this plugin has been
// tested with, what browsers it has been tested in, and where the unit tests
// reside (so you can test it yourself).
// 
// jQuery Versions - 1.2.6, 1.3.2, 1.4.1, 1.4.2
// Browsers Tested - Internet Explorer 6-8, Firefox 2-4, Chrome 5-6, Safari 3.2-5,
//                   Opera 9.6-10.60, iPhone 3.1, Android 1.6-2.2, BlackBerry 4.6-5.
// Unit Tests      - http://benalman.com/code/projects/jquery-bbq/unit/
// 
// About: Release History
// 
// 1.4pre - (1/15/2013) Removed $.browser reference to work with jQuery 1.9
// 1.3pre - (8/26/2010) Integrated <jQuery hashchange event> v1.3, which adds
//         document.title and document.domain support in IE6/7, BlackBerry
//         support, better Iframe hiding for accessibility reasons, and the new
//         <jQuery.fn.hashchange> "shortcut" method. Added the
//         <jQuery.param.sorted> method which reduces the possibility of
//         extraneous hashchange event triggering. Added the
//         <jQuery.param.fragment.ajaxCrawlable> method which can be used to
//         enable Google "AJAX Crawlable mode."
// 1.2.1 - (2/17/2010) Actually fixed the stale window.location Safari bug from
//         <jQuery hashchange event> in BBQ, which was the main reason for the
//         previous release!
// 1.2   - (2/16/2010) Integrated <jQuery hashchange event> v1.2, which fixes a
//         Safari bug, the event can now be bound before DOM ready, and IE6/7
//         page should no longer scroll when the event is first bound. Also
//         added the <jQuery.param.fragment.noEscape> method, and reworked the
//         <hashchange event (BBQ)> internal "add" method to be compatible with
//         changes made to the jQuery 1.4.2 special events API.
// 1.1.1 - (1/22/2010) Integrated <jQuery hashchange event> v1.1, which fixes an
//         obscure IE8 EmulateIE7 meta tag compatibility mode bug.
// 1.1   - (1/9/2010) Broke out the jQuery BBQ event.special <hashchange event>
//         functionality into a separate plugin for users who want just the
//         basic event & back button support, without all the extra awesomeness
//         that BBQ provides. This plugin will be included as part of jQuery BBQ,
//         but also be available separately. See <jQuery hashchange event>
//         plugin for more information. Also added the <jQuery.bbq.removeState>
//         method and added additional <jQuery.deparam> examples.
// 1.0.3 - (12/2/2009) Fixed an issue in IE 6 where location.search and
//         location.hash would report incorrectly if the hash contained the ?
//         character. Also <jQuery.param.querystring> and <jQuery.param.fragment>
//         will no longer parse params out of a URL that doesn't contain ? or #,
//         respectively.
// 1.0.2 - (10/10/2009) Fixed an issue in IE 6/7 where the hidden IFRAME caused
//         a "This page contains both secure and nonsecure items." warning when
//         used on an https:// page.
// 1.0.1 - (10/7/2009) Fixed an issue in IE 8. Since both "IE7" and "IE8
//         Compatibility View" modes erroneously report that the browser
//         supports the native window.onhashchange event, a slightly more
//         robust test needed to be added.
// 1.0   - (10/2/2009) Initial release

(function($,window){
    '$:nomunge'; // Used by YUI compressor.

    // Some convenient shortcuts.
    var undefined,
        aps = Array.prototype.slice,
        decode = decodeURIComponent,

    // Method / object references.
        jq_param = $.param,
        jq_param_sorted,
        jq_param_fragment,
        jq_deparam,
        jq_deparam_fragment,
        jq_bbq = $.bbq = $.bbq || {},
        jq_bbq_pushState,
        jq_bbq_getState,
        jq_elemUrlAttr,
        special = $.event.special,

    // Reused strings.
        str_hashchange = 'hashchange',
        str_querystring = 'querystring',
        str_fragment = 'fragment',
        str_elemUrlAttr = 'elemUrlAttr',
        str_href = 'href',
        str_src = 'src',

    // Reused RegExp.
        re_params_querystring = /^.*\?|#.*$/g,
        re_params_fragment,
        re_fragment,
        re_no_escape,

        ajax_crawlable,
        fragment_prefix,

    // Used by jQuery.elemUrlAttr.
        elemUrlAttr_cache = {};

    // A few commonly used bits, broken out to help reduce minified file size.

    function is_string( arg ) {
        return typeof arg === 'string';
    };

    // Why write the same function twice? Let's curry! Mmmm, curry..

    function curry( func ) {
        var args = aps.call( arguments, 1 );

        return function() {
            return func.apply( this, args.concat( aps.call( arguments ) ) );
        };
    };

    // Get location.hash (or what you'd expect location.hash to be) sans any
    // leading #. Thanks for making this necessary, Firefox!
    function get_fragment( url ) {
        return url.replace( re_fragment, '$2' );
    };

    // Get location.search (or what you'd expect location.search to be) sans any
    // leading #. Thanks for making this necessary, IE6!
    function get_querystring( url ) {
        return url.replace( /(?:^[^?#]*\?([^#]*).*$)?.*/, '$1' );
    };

    // Section: Param (to string)
    //
    // Method: jQuery.param.querystring
    //
    // Retrieve the query string from a URL or if no arguments are passed, the
    // current window.location.href.
    //
    // Usage:
    //
    // > jQuery.param.querystring( [ url ] );
    //
    // Arguments:
    //
    //  url - (String) A URL containing query string params to be parsed. If url
    //    is not passed, the current window.location.href is used.
    //
    // Returns:
    //
    //  (String) The parsed query string, with any leading "?" removed.
    //

    // Method: jQuery.param.querystring (build url)
    //
    // Merge a URL, with or without pre-existing query string params, plus any
    // object, params string or URL containing query string params into a new URL.
    //
    // Usage:
    //
    // > jQuery.param.querystring( url, params [, merge_mode ] );
    //
    // Arguments:
    //
    //  url - (String) A valid URL for params to be merged into. This URL may
    //    contain a query string and/or fragment (hash).
    //  params - (String) A params string or URL containing query string params to
    //    be merged into url.
    //  params - (Object) A params object to be merged into url.
    //  merge_mode - (Number) Merge behavior defaults to 0 if merge_mode is not
    //    specified, and is as-follows:
    //
    //    * 0: params in the params argument will override any query string
    //         params in url.
    //    * 1: any query string params in url will override params in the params
    //         argument.
    //    * 2: params argument will completely replace any query string in url.
    //
    // Returns:
    //
    //  (String) A URL with a urlencoded query string in the format '?a=b&c=d&e=f'.

    // Method: jQuery.param.fragment
    //
    // Retrieve the fragment (hash) from a URL or if no arguments are passed, the
    // current window.location.href.
    //
    // Usage:
    //
    // > jQuery.param.fragment( [ url ] );
    //
    // Arguments:
    //
    //  url - (String) A URL containing fragment (hash) params to be parsed. If
    //    url is not passed, the current window.location.href is used.
    //
    // Returns:
    //
    //  (String) The parsed fragment (hash) string, with any leading "#" removed.

    // Method: jQuery.param.fragment (build url)
    //
    // Merge a URL, with or without pre-existing fragment (hash) params, plus any
    // object, params string or URL containing fragment (hash) params into a new
    // URL.
    //
    // Usage:
    //
    // > jQuery.param.fragment( url, params [, merge_mode ] );
    //
    // Arguments:
    //
    //  url - (String) A valid URL for params to be merged into. This URL may
    //    contain a query string and/or fragment (hash).
    //  params - (String) A params string or URL containing fragment (hash) params
    //    to be merged into url.
    //  params - (Object) A params object to be merged into url.
    //  merge_mode - (Number) Merge behavior defaults to 0 if merge_mode is not
    //    specified, and is as-follows:
    //
    //    * 0: params in the params argument will override any fragment (hash)
    //         params in url.
    //    * 1: any fragment (hash) params in url will override params in the
    //         params argument.
    //    * 2: params argument will completely replace any query string in url.
    //
    // Returns:
    //
    //  (String) A URL with a urlencoded fragment (hash) in the format '#a=b&c=d&e=f'.

    function jq_param_sub( is_fragment, get_func, url, params, merge_mode ) {
        var result,
            qs,
            matches,
            url_params,
            hash;

        if ( params !== undefined ) {
            // Build URL by merging params into url string.

            // matches[1] = url part that precedes params, not including trailing ?/#
            // matches[2] = params, not including leading ?/#
            // matches[3] = if in 'querystring' mode, hash including leading #, otherwise ''
            matches = url.match( is_fragment ? re_fragment : /^([^#?]*)\??([^#]*)(#?.*)/ );

            // Get the hash if in 'querystring' mode, and it exists.
            hash = matches[3] || '';

            if ( merge_mode === 2 && is_string( params ) ) {
                // If merge_mode is 2 and params is a string, merge the fragment / query
                // string into the URL wholesale, without converting it into an object.
                qs = params.replace( is_fragment ? re_params_fragment : re_params_querystring, '' );

            } else {
                // Convert relevant params in url to object.
                url_params = jq_deparam( matches[2] );

                params = is_string( params )

                    // Convert passed params string into object.
                    ? jq_deparam[ is_fragment ? str_fragment : str_querystring ]( params )

                    // Passed params object.
                    : params;

                qs = merge_mode === 2 ? params                              // passed params replace url params
                    : merge_mode === 1  ? $.extend( {}, params, url_params )  // url params override passed params
                    : $.extend( {}, url_params, params );                     // passed params override url params

                // Convert params object into a sorted params string.
                qs = jq_param_sorted( qs );

                // Unescape characters specified via $.param.noEscape. Since only hash-
                // history users have requested this feature, it's only enabled for
                // fragment-related params strings.
                if ( is_fragment ) {
                    qs = qs.replace( re_no_escape, decode );
                }
            }

            // Build URL from the base url, querystring and hash. In 'querystring'
            // mode, ? is only added if a query string exists. In 'fragment' mode, #
            // is always added.
            result = matches[1] + ( is_fragment ? fragment_prefix : qs || !matches[1] ? '?' : '' ) + qs + hash;

        } else {
            // If URL was passed in, parse params from URL string, otherwise parse
            // params from window.location.href.
            result = get_func( url !== undefined ? url : location.href );
        }

        return result;
    };

    jq_param[ str_querystring ]                  = curry( jq_param_sub, 0, get_querystring );
    jq_param[ str_fragment ] = jq_param_fragment = curry( jq_param_sub, 1, get_fragment );

    // Method: jQuery.param.sorted
    //
    // Returns a params string equivalent to that returned by the internal
    // jQuery.param method, but sorted, which makes it suitable for use as a
    // cache key.
    //
    // For example, in most browsers jQuery.param({z:1,a:2}) returns "z=1&a=2"
    // and jQuery.param({a:2,z:1}) returns "a=2&z=1". Even though both the
    // objects being serialized and the resulting params strings are equivalent,
    // if these params strings were set into the location.hash fragment
    // sequentially, the hashchange event would be triggered unnecessarily, since
    // the strings are different (even though the data described by them is the
    // same). By sorting the params string, unecessary hashchange event triggering
    // can be avoided.
    //
    // Usage:
    //
    // > jQuery.param.sorted( obj [, traditional ] );
    //
    // Arguments:
    //
    //  obj - (Object) An object to be serialized.
    //  traditional - (Boolean) Params deep/shallow serialization mode. See the
    //    documentation at http://api.jquery.com/jQuery.param/ for more detail.
    //
    // Returns:
    //
    //  (String) A sorted params string.

    jq_param.sorted = jq_param_sorted = function( a, traditional ) {
        var arr = [],
            obj = {};

        $.each( jq_param( a, traditional ).split( '&' ), function(i,v){
            var key = v.replace( /(?:%5B|=).*$/, '' ),
                key_obj = obj[ key ];

            if ( !key_obj ) {
                key_obj = obj[ key ] = [];
                arr.push( key );
            }

            key_obj.push( v );
        });

        return $.map( arr.sort(), function(v){
            return obj[ v ];
        }).join( '&' );
    };

    // Method: jQuery.param.fragment.noEscape
    //
    // Specify characters that will be left unescaped when fragments are created
    // or merged using <jQuery.param.fragment>, or when the fragment is modified
    // using <jQuery.bbq.pushState>. This option only applies to serialized data
    // object fragments, and not set-as-string fragments. Does not affect the
    // query string. Defaults to ",/" (comma, forward slash).
    //
    // Note that this is considered a purely aesthetic option, and will help to
    // create URLs that "look pretty" in the address bar or bookmarks, without
    // affecting functionality in any way. That being said, be careful to not
    // unescape characters that are used as delimiters or serve a special
    // purpose, such as the "#?&=+" (octothorpe, question mark, ampersand,
    // equals, plus) characters.
    //
    // Usage:
    //
    // > jQuery.param.fragment.noEscape( [ chars ] );
    //
    // Arguments:
    //
    //  chars - (String) The characters to not escape in the fragment. If
    //    unspecified, defaults to empty string (escape all characters).
    //
    // Returns:
    //
    //  Nothing.

    jq_param_fragment.noEscape = function( chars ) {
        chars = chars || '';
        var arr = $.map( chars.split(''), encodeURIComponent );
        re_no_escape = new RegExp( arr.join('|'), 'g' );
    };

    // A sensible default. These are the characters people seem to complain about
    // "uglifying up the URL" the most.
    jq_param_fragment.noEscape( ',/' );

    // Method: jQuery.param.fragment.ajaxCrawlable
    //
    // TODO: DESCRIBE
    //
    // Usage:
    //
    // > jQuery.param.fragment.ajaxCrawlable( [ state ] );
    //
    // Arguments:
    //
    //  state - (Boolean) TODO: DESCRIBE
    //
    // Returns:
    //
    //  (Boolean) The current ajaxCrawlable state.

    jq_param_fragment.ajaxCrawlable = function( state ) {
        if ( state !== undefined ) {
            if ( state ) {
                re_params_fragment = /^.*(?:#!|#)/;
                re_fragment = /^([^#]*)(?:#!|#)?(.*)$/;
                fragment_prefix = '#!';
            } else {
                re_params_fragment = /^.*#/;
                re_fragment = /^([^#]*)#?(.*)$/;
                fragment_prefix = '#';
            }
            ajax_crawlable = !!state;
        }

        return ajax_crawlable;
    };

    jq_param_fragment.ajaxCrawlable( 0 );

    // Section: Deparam (from string)
    //
    // Method: jQuery.deparam
    //
    // Deserialize a params string into an object, optionally coercing numbers,
    // booleans, null and undefined values; this method is the counterpart to the
    // internal jQuery.param method.
    //
    // Usage:
    //
    // > jQuery.deparam( params [, coerce ] );
    //
    // Arguments:
    //
    //  params - (String) A params string to be parsed.
    //  coerce - (Boolean) If true, coerces any numbers or true, false, null, and
    //    undefined to their actual value. Defaults to false if omitted.
    //
    // Returns:
    //
    //  (Object) An object representing the deserialized params string.

    $.deparam = jq_deparam = function( params, coerce ) {
        var obj = {},
            coerce_types = { 'true': !0, 'false': !1, 'null': null };

        // Iterate over all name=value pairs.
        $.each( params.replace( /\+/g, ' ' ).split( '&' ), function(j,v){
            var param = v.split( '=' ),
                key = decode( param[0] ),
                val,
                cur = obj,
                i = 0,

            // If key is more complex than 'foo', like 'a[]' or 'a[b][c]', split it
            // into its component parts.
                keys = key.split( '][' ),
                keys_last = keys.length - 1;

            // If the first keys part contains [ and the last ends with ], then []
            // are correctly balanced.
            if ( /\[/.test( keys[0] ) && /\]$/.test( keys[ keys_last ] ) ) {
                // Remove the trailing ] from the last keys part.
                keys[ keys_last ] = keys[ keys_last ].replace( /\]$/, '' );

                // Split first keys part into two parts on the [ and add them back onto
                // the beginning of the keys array.
                keys = keys.shift().split('[').concat( keys );

                keys_last = keys.length - 1;
            } else {
                // Basic 'foo' style key.
                keys_last = 0;
            }

            // Are we dealing with a name=value pair, or just a name?
            if ( param.length === 2 ) {
                val = decode( param[1] );

                // Coerce values.
                if ( coerce ) {
                    val = val && !isNaN(val)            ? +val              // number
                        : val === 'undefined'             ? undefined         // undefined
                        : coerce_types[val] !== undefined ? coerce_types[val] // true, false, null
                        : val;                                                // string
                }

                if ( keys_last ) {
                    // Complex key, build deep object structure based on a few rules:
                    // * The 'cur' pointer starts at the object top-level.
                    // * [] = array push (n is set to array length), [n] = array if n is
                    //   numeric, otherwise object.
                    // * If at the last keys part, set the value.
                    // * For each keys part, if the current level is undefined create an
                    //   object or array based on the type of the next keys part.
                    // * Move the 'cur' pointer to the next level.
                    // * Rinse & repeat.
                    for ( ; i <= keys_last; i++ ) {
                        key = keys[i] === '' ? cur.length : keys[i];
                        cur = cur[key] = i < keys_last
                            ? cur[key] || ( keys[i+1] && isNaN( keys[i+1] ) ? {} : [] )
                            : val;
                    }

                } else {
                    // Simple key, even simpler rules, since only scalars and shallow
                    // arrays are allowed.

                    if ( $.isArray( obj[key] ) ) {
                        // val is already an array, so push on the next value.
                        obj[key].push( val );

                    } else if ( obj[key] !== undefined ) {
                        // val isn't an array, but since a second value has been specified,
                        // convert val into an array.
                        obj[key] = [ obj[key], val ];

                    } else {
                        // val is a scalar.
                        obj[key] = val;
                    }
                }

            } else if ( key ) {
                // No value was defined, so set something meaningful.
                obj[key] = coerce
                    ? undefined
                    : '';
            }
        });

        return obj;
    };

    // Method: jQuery.deparam.querystring
    //
    // Parse the query string from a URL or the current window.location.href,
    // deserializing it into an object, optionally coercing numbers, booleans,
    // null and undefined values.
    //
    // Usage:
    //
    // > jQuery.deparam.querystring( [ url ] [, coerce ] );
    //
    // Arguments:
    //
    //  url - (String) An optional params string or URL containing query string
    //    params to be parsed. If url is omitted, the current
    //    window.location.href is used.
    //  coerce - (Boolean) If true, coerces any numbers or true, false, null, and
    //    undefined to their actual value. Defaults to false if omitted.
    //
    // Returns:
    //
    //  (Object) An object representing the deserialized params string.

    // Method: jQuery.deparam.fragment
    //
    // Parse the fragment (hash) from a URL or the current window.location.href,
    // deserializing it into an object, optionally coercing numbers, booleans,
    // null and undefined values.
    //
    // Usage:
    //
    // > jQuery.deparam.fragment( [ url ] [, coerce ] );
    //
    // Arguments:
    //
    //  url - (String) An optional params string or URL containing fragment (hash)
    //    params to be parsed. If url is omitted, the current window.location.href
    //    is used.
    //  coerce - (Boolean) If true, coerces any numbers or true, false, null, and
    //    undefined to their actual value. Defaults to false if omitted.
    //
    // Returns:
    //
    //  (Object) An object representing the deserialized params string.

    function jq_deparam_sub( is_fragment, url_or_params, coerce ) {
        if ( url_or_params === undefined || typeof url_or_params === 'boolean' ) {
            // url_or_params not specified.
            coerce = url_or_params;
            url_or_params = jq_param[ is_fragment ? str_fragment : str_querystring ]();
        } else {
            url_or_params = is_string( url_or_params )
                ? url_or_params.replace( is_fragment ? re_params_fragment : re_params_querystring, '' )
                : url_or_params;
        }

        return jq_deparam( url_or_params, coerce );
    };

    jq_deparam[ str_querystring ]                    = curry( jq_deparam_sub, 0 );
    jq_deparam[ str_fragment ] = jq_deparam_fragment = curry( jq_deparam_sub, 1 );

    // Section: Element manipulation
    //
    // Method: jQuery.elemUrlAttr
    //
    // Get the internal "Default URL attribute per tag" list, or augment the list
    // with additional tag-attribute pairs, in case the defaults are insufficient.
    //
    // In the <jQuery.fn.querystring> and <jQuery.fn.fragment> methods, this list
    // is used to determine which attribute contains the URL to be modified, if
    // an "attr" param is not specified.
    //
    // Default Tag-Attribute List:
    //
    //  a      - href
    //  base   - href
    //  iframe - src
    //  img    - src
    //  input  - src
    //  form   - action
    //  link   - href
    //  script - src
    //
    // Usage:
    //
    // > jQuery.elemUrlAttr( [ tag_attr ] );
    //
    // Arguments:
    //
    //  tag_attr - (Object) An object containing a list of tag names and their
    //    associated default attribute names in the format { tag: 'attr', ... } to
    //    be merged into the internal tag-attribute list.
    //
    // Returns:
    //
    //  (Object) An object containing all stored tag-attribute values.

    // Only define function and set defaults if function doesn't already exist, as
    // the urlInternal plugin will provide this method as well.
    $[ str_elemUrlAttr ] || ($[ str_elemUrlAttr ] = function( obj ) {
        return $.extend( elemUrlAttr_cache, obj );
    })({
        a: str_href,
        base: str_href,
        iframe: str_src,
        img: str_src,
        input: str_src,
        form: 'action',
        link: str_href,
        script: str_src
    });

    jq_elemUrlAttr = $[ str_elemUrlAttr ];

    // Method: jQuery.fn.querystring
    //
    // Update URL attribute in one or more elements, merging the current URL (with
    // or without pre-existing query string params) plus any params object or
    // string into a new URL, which is then set into that attribute. Like
    // <jQuery.param.querystring (build url)>, but for all elements in a jQuery
    // collection.
    //
    // Usage:
    //
    // > jQuery('selector').querystring( [ attr, ] params [, merge_mode ] );
    //
    // Arguments:
    //
    //  attr - (String) Optional name of an attribute that will contain a URL to
    //    merge params or url into. See <jQuery.elemUrlAttr> for a list of default
    //    attributes.
    //  params - (Object) A params object to be merged into the URL attribute.
    //  params - (String) A URL containing query string params, or params string
    //    to be merged into the URL attribute.
    //  merge_mode - (Number) Merge behavior defaults to 0 if merge_mode is not
    //    specified, and is as-follows:
    //
    //    * 0: params in the params argument will override any params in attr URL.
    //    * 1: any params in attr URL will override params in the params argument.
    //    * 2: params argument will completely replace any query string in attr
    //         URL.
    //
    // Returns:
    //
    //  (jQuery) The initial jQuery collection of elements, but with modified URL
    //  attribute values.

    // Method: jQuery.fn.fragment
    //
    // Update URL attribute in one or more elements, merging the current URL (with
    // or without pre-existing fragment/hash params) plus any params object or
    // string into a new URL, which is then set into that attribute. Like
    // <jQuery.param.fragment (build url)>, but for all elements in a jQuery
    // collection.
    //
    // Usage:
    //
    // > jQuery('selector').fragment( [ attr, ] params [, merge_mode ] );
    //
    // Arguments:
    //
    //  attr - (String) Optional name of an attribute that will contain a URL to
    //    merge params into. See <jQuery.elemUrlAttr> for a list of default
    //    attributes.
    //  params - (Object) A params object to be merged into the URL attribute.
    //  params - (String) A URL containing fragment (hash) params, or params
    //    string to be merged into the URL attribute.
    //  merge_mode - (Number) Merge behavior defaults to 0 if merge_mode is not
    //    specified, and is as-follows:
    //
    //    * 0: params in the params argument will override any params in attr URL.
    //    * 1: any params in attr URL will override params in the params argument.
    //    * 2: params argument will completely replace any fragment (hash) in attr
    //         URL.
    //
    // Returns:
    //
    //  (jQuery) The initial jQuery collection of elements, but with modified URL
    //  attribute values.

    function jq_fn_sub( mode, force_attr, params, merge_mode ) {
        if ( !is_string( params ) && typeof params !== 'object' ) {
            // force_attr not specified.
            merge_mode = params;
            params = force_attr;
            force_attr = undefined;
        }

        return this.each(function(){
            var that = $(this),

            // Get attribute specified, or default specified via $.elemUrlAttr.
                attr = force_attr || jq_elemUrlAttr()[ ( this.nodeName || '' ).toLowerCase() ] || '',

            // Get URL value.
                url = attr && that.attr( attr ) || '';

            // Update attribute with new URL.
            that.attr( attr, jq_param[ mode ]( url, params, merge_mode ) );
        });

    };

    $.fn[ str_querystring ] = curry( jq_fn_sub, str_querystring );
    $.fn[ str_fragment ]    = curry( jq_fn_sub, str_fragment );

    // Section: History, hashchange event
    //
    // Method: jQuery.bbq.pushState
    //
    // Adds a 'state' into the browser history at the current position, setting
    // location.hash and triggering any bound <hashchange event> callbacks
    // (provided the new state is different than the previous state).
    //
    // If no arguments are passed, an empty state is created, which is just a
    // shortcut for jQuery.bbq.pushState( {}, 2 ).
    //
    // Usage:
    //
    // > jQuery.bbq.pushState( [ params [, merge_mode ] ] );
    //
    // Arguments:
    //
    //  params - (String) A serialized params string or a hash string beginning
    //    with # to merge into location.hash.
    //  params - (Object) A params object to merge into location.hash.
    //  merge_mode - (Number) Merge behavior defaults to 0 if merge_mode is not
    //    specified (unless a hash string beginning with # is specified, in which
    //    case merge behavior defaults to 2), and is as-follows:
    //
    //    * 0: params in the params argument will override any params in the
    //         current state.
    //    * 1: any params in the current state will override params in the params
    //         argument.
    //    * 2: params argument will completely replace current state.
    //
    // Returns:
    //
    //  Nothing.
    //
    // Additional Notes:
    //
    //  * Setting an empty state may cause the browser to scroll.
    //  * Unlike the fragment and querystring methods, if a hash string beginning
    //    with # is specified as the params agrument, merge_mode defaults to 2.

    jq_bbq.pushState = jq_bbq_pushState = function( params, merge_mode ) {
        if ( is_string( params ) && /^#/.test( params ) && merge_mode === undefined ) {
            // Params string begins with # and merge_mode not specified, so completely
            // overwrite window.location.hash.
            merge_mode = 2;
        }

        var has_args = params !== undefined,
        // Merge params into window.location using $.param.fragment.
            url = jq_param_fragment( location.href,
                has_args ? params : {}, has_args ? merge_mode : 2 );

        // Set new window.location.href. Note that Safari 3 & Chrome barf on
        // location.hash = '#' so the entire URL is set.
        location.href = url;
    };

    // Method: jQuery.bbq.getState
    //
    // Retrieves the current 'state' from the browser history, parsing
    // location.hash for a specific key or returning an object containing the
    // entire state, optionally coercing numbers, booleans, null and undefined
    // values.
    //
    // Usage:
    //
    // > jQuery.bbq.getState( [ key ] [, coerce ] );
    //
    // Arguments:
    //
    //  key - (String) An optional state key for which to return a value.
    //  coerce - (Boolean) If true, coerces any numbers or true, false, null, and
    //    undefined to their actual value. Defaults to false.
    //
    // Returns:
    //
    //  (Anything) If key is passed, returns the value corresponding with that key
    //    in the location.hash 'state', or undefined. If not, an object
    //    representing the entire 'state' is returned.

    jq_bbq.getState = jq_bbq_getState = function( key, coerce ) {
        return key === undefined || typeof key === 'boolean'
            ? jq_deparam_fragment( key ) // 'key' really means 'coerce' here
            : jq_deparam_fragment( coerce )[ key ];
    };

    // Method: jQuery.bbq.removeState
    //
    // Remove one or more keys from the current browser history 'state', creating
    // a new state, setting location.hash and triggering any bound
    // <hashchange event> callbacks (provided the new state is different than
    // the previous state).
    //
    // If no arguments are passed, an empty state is created, which is just a
    // shortcut for jQuery.bbq.pushState( {}, 2 ).
    //
    // Usage:
    //
    // > jQuery.bbq.removeState( [ key [, key ... ] ] );
    //
    // Arguments:
    //
    //  key - (String) One or more key values to remove from the current state,
    //    passed as individual arguments.
    //  key - (Array) A single array argument that contains a list of key values
    //    to remove from the current state.
    //
    // Returns:
    //
    //  Nothing.
    //
    // Additional Notes:
    //
    //  * Setting an empty state may cause the browser to scroll.

    jq_bbq.removeState = function( arr ) {
        var state = {};

        // If one or more arguments is passed..
        if ( arr !== undefined ) {

            // Get the current state.
            state = jq_bbq_getState();

            // For each passed key, delete the corresponding property from the current
            // state.
            $.each( $.isArray( arr ) ? arr : arguments, function(i,v){
                delete state[ v ];
            });
        }

        // Set the state, completely overriding any existing state.
        jq_bbq_pushState( state, 2 );
    };

    // Event: hashchange event (BBQ)
    //
    // Usage in jQuery 1.4 and newer:
    //
    // In jQuery 1.4 and newer, the event object passed into any hashchange event
    // callback is augmented with a copy of the location.hash fragment at the time
    // the event was triggered as its event.fragment property. In addition, the
    // event.getState method operates on this property (instead of location.hash)
    // which allows this fragment-as-a-state to be referenced later, even after
    // window.location may have changed.
    //
    // Note that event.fragment and event.getState are not defined according to
    // W3C (or any other) specification, but will still be available whether or
    // not the hashchange event exists natively in the browser, because of the
    // utility they provide.
    //
    // The event.fragment property contains the output of <jQuery.param.fragment>
    // and the event.getState method is equivalent to the <jQuery.bbq.getState>
    // method.
    //
    // > $(window).bind( 'hashchange', function( event ) {
    // >   var hash_str = event.fragment,
    // >     param_obj = event.getState(),
    // >     param_val = event.getState( 'param_name' ),
    // >     param_val_coerced = event.getState( 'param_name', true );
    // >   ...
    // > });
    //
    // Usage in jQuery 1.3.2:
    //
    // In jQuery 1.3.2, the event object cannot to be augmented as in jQuery 1.4+,
    // so the fragment state isn't bound to the event object and must instead be
    // parsed using the <jQuery.param.fragment> and <jQuery.bbq.getState> methods.
    //
    // > $(window).bind( 'hashchange', function( event ) {
    // >   var hash_str = $.param.fragment(),
    // >     param_obj = $.bbq.getState(),
    // >     param_val = $.bbq.getState( 'param_name' ),
    // >     param_val_coerced = $.bbq.getState( 'param_name', true );
    // >   ...
    // > });
    //
    // Additional Notes:
    //
    // * Due to changes in the special events API, jQuery BBQ v1.2 or newer is
    //   required to enable the augmented event object in jQuery 1.4.2 and newer.
    // * See <jQuery hashchange event> for more detailed information.

    special[ str_hashchange ] = $.extend( special[ str_hashchange ], {

        // Augmenting the event object with the .fragment property and .getState
        // method requires jQuery 1.4 or newer. Note: with 1.3.2, everything will
        // work, but the event won't be augmented)
        add: function( handleObj ) {
            var old_handler;

            function new_handler(e) {
                // e.fragment is set to the value of location.hash (with any leading #
                // removed) at the time the event is triggered.
                var hash = e[ str_fragment ] = jq_param_fragment();

                // e.getState() works just like $.bbq.getState(), but uses the
                // e.fragment property stored on the event object.
                e.getState = function( key, coerce ) {
                    return key === undefined || typeof key === 'boolean'
                        ? jq_deparam( hash, key ) // 'key' really means 'coerce' here
                        : jq_deparam( hash, coerce )[ key ];
                };

                old_handler.apply( this, arguments );
            };

            // This may seem a little complicated, but it normalizes the special event
            // .add method between jQuery 1.4/1.4.1 and 1.4.2+
            if ( $.isFunction( handleObj ) ) {
                // 1.4, 1.4.1
                old_handler = handleObj;
                return new_handler;
            } else {
                // 1.4.2+
                old_handler = handleObj.handler;
                handleObj.handler = new_handler;
            }
        }

    });

})(jQuery,this);

/*!
 * jQuery hashchange event - v1.3 - 7/21/2010
 * http://benalman.com/projects/jquery-hashchange-plugin/
 * 
 * Copyright (c) 2010 "Cowboy" Ben Alman
 * Dual licensed under the MIT and GPL licenses.
 * http://benalman.com/about/license/
 */

// Script: jQuery hashchange event
//
// *Version: 1.3, Last updated: 7/21/2010*
// 
// Project Home - http://benalman.com/projects/jquery-hashchange-plugin/
// GitHub       - http://github.com/cowboy/jquery-hashchange/
// Source       - http://github.com/cowboy/jquery-hashchange/raw/master/jquery.ba-hashchange.js
// (Minified)   - http://github.com/cowboy/jquery-hashchange/raw/master/jquery.ba-hashchange.min.js (0.8kb gzipped)
// 
// About: License
// 
// Copyright (c) 2010 "Cowboy" Ben Alman,
// Dual licensed under the MIT and GPL licenses.
// http://benalman.com/about/license/
// 
// About: Examples
// 
// These working examples, complete with fully commented code, illustrate a few
// ways in which this plugin can be used.
// 
// hashchange event - http://benalman.com/code/projects/jquery-hashchange/examples/hashchange/
// document.domain - http://benalman.com/code/projects/jquery-hashchange/examples/document_domain/
// 
// About: Support and Testing
// 
// Information about what version or versions of jQuery this plugin has been
// tested with, what browsers it has been tested in, and where the unit tests
// reside (so you can test it yourself).
// 
// jQuery Versions - 1.2.6, 1.3.2, 1.4.1, 1.4.2
// Browsers Tested - Internet Explorer 6-8, Firefox 2-4, Chrome 5-6, Safari 3.2-5,
//                   Opera 9.6-10.60, iPhone 3.1, Android 1.6-2.2, BlackBerry 4.6-5.
// Unit Tests      - http://benalman.com/code/projects/jquery-hashchange/unit/
// 
// About: Known issues
// 
// While this jQuery hashchange event implementation is quite stable and
// robust, there are a few unfortunate browser bugs surrounding expected
// hashchange event-based behaviors, independent of any JavaScript
// window.onhashchange abstraction. See the following examples for more
// information:
// 
// Chrome: Back Button - http://benalman.com/code/projects/jquery-hashchange/examples/bug-chrome-back-button/
// Firefox: Remote XMLHttpRequest - http://benalman.com/code/projects/jquery-hashchange/examples/bug-firefox-remote-xhr/
// WebKit: Back Button in an Iframe - http://benalman.com/code/projects/jquery-hashchange/examples/bug-webkit-hash-iframe/
// Safari: Back Button from a different domain - http://benalman.com/code/projects/jquery-hashchange/examples/bug-safari-back-from-diff-domain/
// 
// Also note that should a browser natively support the window.onhashchange 
// event, but not report that it does, the fallback polling loop will be used.
// 
// About: Release History
// 
// 1.3   - (7/21/2010) Reorganized IE6/7 Iframe code to make it more
//         "removable" for mobile-only development. Added IE6/7 document.title
//         support. Attempted to make Iframe as hidden as possible by using
//         techniques from http://www.paciellogroup.com/blog/?p=604. Added 
//         support for the "shortcut" format $(window).hashchange( fn ) and
//         $(window).hashchange() like jQuery provides for built-in events.
//         Renamed jQuery.hashchangeDelay to <jQuery.fn.hashchange.delay> and
//         lowered its default value to 50. Added <jQuery.fn.hashchange.domain>
//         and <jQuery.fn.hashchange.src> properties plus document-domain.html
//         file to address access denied issues when setting document.domain in
//         IE6/7.
// 1.2   - (2/11/2010) Fixed a bug where coming back to a page using this plugin
//         from a page on another domain would cause an error in Safari 4. Also,
//         IE6/7 Iframe is now inserted after the body (this actually works),
//         which prevents the page from scrolling when the event is first bound.
//         Event can also now be bound before DOM ready, but it won't be usable
//         before then in IE6/7.
// 1.1   - (1/21/2010) Incorporated document.documentMode test to fix IE8 bug
//         where browser version is incorrectly reported as 8.0, despite
//         inclusion of the X-UA-Compatible IE=EmulateIE7 meta tag.
// 1.0   - (1/9/2010) Initial Release. Broke out the jQuery BBQ event.special
//         window.onhashchange functionality into a separate plugin for users
//         who want just the basic event & back button support, without all the
//         extra awesomeness that BBQ provides. This plugin will be included as
//         part of jQuery BBQ, but also be available separately.

(function($,window,undefined){
    '$:nomunge'; // Used by YUI compressor.

    // Reused string.
    var str_hashchange = 'hashchange',

    // Method / object references.
        doc = document,
        fake_onhashchange,
        special = $.event.special,

    // Does the browser support window.onhashchange? Note that IE8 running in
    // IE7 compatibility mode reports true for 'onhashchange' in window, even
    // though the event isn't supported, so also test document.documentMode.
        doc_mode = doc.documentMode,
        supports_onhashchange = 'on' + str_hashchange in window && ( doc_mode === undefined || doc_mode > 7 );

    // Get location.hash (or what you'd expect location.hash to be) sans any
    // leading #. Thanks for making this necessary, Firefox!
    function get_fragment( url ) {
        url = url || location.href;
        return '#' + url.replace( /^[^#]*#?(.*)$/, '$1' );
    };

    // Method: jQuery.fn.hashchange
    //
    // Bind a handler to the window.onhashchange event or trigger all bound
    // window.onhashchange event handlers. This behavior is consistent with
    // jQuery's built-in event handlers.
    //
    // Usage:
    //
    // > jQuery(window).hashchange( [ handler ] );
    //
    // Arguments:
    //
    //  handler - (Function) Optional handler to be bound to the hashchange
    //    event. This is a "shortcut" for the more verbose form:
    //    jQuery(window).bind( 'hashchange', handler ). If handler is omitted,
    //    all bound window.onhashchange event handlers will be triggered. This
    //    is a shortcut for the more verbose
    //    jQuery(window).trigger( 'hashchange' ). These forms are described in
    //    the <hashchange event> section.
    //
    // Returns:
    //
    //  (jQuery) The initial jQuery collection of elements.

    // Allow the "shortcut" format $(elem).hashchange( fn ) for binding and
    // $(elem).hashchange() for triggering, like jQuery does for built-in events.
    $.fn[ str_hashchange ] = function( fn ) {
        return fn ? this.bind( str_hashchange, fn ) : this.trigger( str_hashchange );
    };

    // Property: jQuery.fn.hashchange.delay
    //
    // The numeric interval (in milliseconds) at which the <hashchange event>
    // polling loop executes. Defaults to 50.

    // Property: jQuery.fn.hashchange.domain
    //
    // If you're setting document.domain in your JavaScript, and you want hash
    // history to work in IE6/7, not only must this property be set, but you must
    // also set document.domain BEFORE jQuery is loaded into the page. This
    // property is only applicable if you are supporting IE6/7 (or IE8 operating
    // in "IE7 compatibility" mode).
    //
    // In addition, the <jQuery.fn.hashchange.src> property must be set to the
    // path of the included "document-domain.html" file, which can be renamed or
    // modified if necessary (note that the document.domain specified must be the
    // same in both your main JavaScript as well as in this file).
    //
    // Usage:
    //
    // jQuery.fn.hashchange.domain = document.domain;

    // Property: jQuery.fn.hashchange.src
    //
    // If, for some reason, you need to specify an Iframe src file (for example,
    // when setting document.domain as in <jQuery.fn.hashchange.domain>), you can
    // do so using this property. Note that when using this property, history
    // won't be recorded in IE6/7 until the Iframe src file loads. This property
    // is only applicable if you are supporting IE6/7 (or IE8 operating in "IE7
    // compatibility" mode).
    //
    // Usage:
    //
    // jQuery.fn.hashchange.src = 'path/to/file.html';

    $.fn[ str_hashchange ].delay = 50;
    /*
     $.fn[ str_hashchange ].domain = null;
     $.fn[ str_hashchange ].src = null;
     */

    // Event: hashchange event
    //
    // Fired when location.hash changes. In browsers that support it, the native
    // HTML5 window.onhashchange event is used, otherwise a polling loop is
    // initialized, running every <jQuery.fn.hashchange.delay> milliseconds to
    // see if the hash has changed. In IE6/7 (and IE8 operating in "IE7
    // compatibility" mode), a hidden Iframe is created to allow the back button
    // and hash-based history to work.
    //
    // Usage as described in <jQuery.fn.hashchange>:
    //
    // > // Bind an event handler.
    // > jQuery(window).hashchange( function(e) {
    // >   var hash = location.hash;
    // >   ...
    // > });
    // >
    // > // Manually trigger the event handler.
    // > jQuery(window).hashchange();
    //
    // A more verbose usage that allows for event namespacing:
    //
    // > // Bind an event handler.
    // > jQuery(window).bind( 'hashchange', function(e) {
    // >   var hash = location.hash;
    // >   ...
    // > });
    // >
    // > // Manually trigger the event handler.
    // > jQuery(window).trigger( 'hashchange' );
    //
    // Additional Notes:
    //
    // * The polling loop and Iframe are not created until at least one handler
    //   is actually bound to the 'hashchange' event.
    // * If you need the bound handler(s) to execute immediately, in cases where
    //   a location.hash exists on page load, via bookmark or page refresh for
    //   example, use jQuery(window).hashchange() or the more verbose
    //   jQuery(window).trigger( 'hashchange' ).
    // * The event can be bound before DOM ready, but since it won't be usable
    //   before then in IE6/7 (due to the necessary Iframe), recommended usage is
    //   to bind it inside a DOM ready handler.

    // Override existing $.event.special.hashchange methods (allowing this plugin
    // to be defined after jQuery BBQ in BBQ's source code).
    special[ str_hashchange ] = $.extend( special[ str_hashchange ], {

        // Called only when the first 'hashchange' event is bound to window.
        setup: function() {
            // If window.onhashchange is supported natively, there's nothing to do..
            if ( supports_onhashchange ) { return false; }

            // Otherwise, we need to create our own. And we don't want to call this
            // until the user binds to the event, just in case they never do, since it
            // will create a polling loop and possibly even a hidden Iframe.
            $( fake_onhashchange.start );
        },

        // Called only when the last 'hashchange' event is unbound from window.
        teardown: function() {
            // If window.onhashchange is supported natively, there's nothing to do..
            if ( supports_onhashchange ) { return false; }

            // Otherwise, we need to stop ours (if possible).
            $( fake_onhashchange.stop );
        }

    });

    // fake_onhashchange does all the work of triggering the window.onhashchange
    // event for browsers that don't natively support it, including creating a
    // polling loop to watch for hash changes and in IE 6/7 creating a hidden
    // Iframe to enable back and forward.
    fake_onhashchange = (function(){
        var self = {},
            timeout_id,

        // Remember the initial hash so it doesn't get triggered immediately.
            last_hash = get_fragment(),

            fn_retval = function(val){ return val; },
            history_set = fn_retval,
            history_get = fn_retval;

        // Start the polling loop.
        self.start = function() {
            timeout_id || poll();
        };

        // Stop the polling loop.
        self.stop = function() {
            timeout_id && clearTimeout( timeout_id );
            timeout_id = undefined;
        };

        // This polling loop checks every $.fn.hashchange.delay milliseconds to see
        // if location.hash has changed, and triggers the 'hashchange' event on
        // window when necessary.
        function poll() {
            var hash = get_fragment(),
                history_hash = history_get( last_hash );

            if ( hash !== last_hash ) {
                history_set( last_hash = hash, history_hash );

                $(window).trigger( str_hashchange );

            } else if ( history_hash !== last_hash ) {
                location.href = location.href.replace( /#.*/, '' ) + history_hash;
            }

            timeout_id = setTimeout( poll, $.fn[ str_hashchange ].delay );
        };

        // vvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvv
        // vvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvv REMOVE IF NOT SUPPORTING IE6/7/8 vvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvv
        // vvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvvv
        (navigator.userAgent.match(/MSIE/i) !== null) && !supports_onhashchange && (function(){
            // Not only do IE6/7 need the "magical" Iframe treatment, but so does IE8
            // when running in "IE7 compatibility" mode.

            var iframe,
                iframe_src;

            // When the event is bound and polling starts in IE 6/7, create a hidden
            // Iframe for history handling.
            self.start = function(){
                if ( !iframe ) {
                    iframe_src = $.fn[ str_hashchange ].src;
                    iframe_src = iframe_src && iframe_src + get_fragment();

                    // Create hidden Iframe. Attempt to make Iframe as hidden as possible
                    // by using techniques from http://www.paciellogroup.com/blog/?p=604.
                    iframe = $('<iframe tabindex="-1" title="empty"/>').hide()

                        // When Iframe has completely loaded, initialize the history and
                        // start polling.
                        .one( 'load', function(){
                            iframe_src || history_set( get_fragment() );
                            poll();
                        })

                        // Load Iframe src if specified, otherwise nothing.
                        .attr( 'src', iframe_src || 'javascript:0' )

                        // Append Iframe after the end of the body to prevent unnecessary
                        // initial page scrolling (yes, this works).
                        .insertAfter( 'body' )[0].contentWindow;

                    // Whenever `document.title` changes, update the Iframe's title to
                    // prettify the back/next history menu entries. Since IE sometimes
                    // errors with "Unspecified error" the very first time this is set
                    // (yes, very useful) wrap this with a try/catch block.
                    doc.onpropertychange = function(){
                        try {
                            if ( event.propertyName === 'title' ) {
                                iframe.document.title = doc.title;
                            }
                        } catch(e) {}
                    };

                }
            };

            // Override the "stop" method since an IE6/7 Iframe was created. Even
            // if there are no longer any bound event handlers, the polling loop
            // is still necessary for back/next to work at all!
            self.stop = fn_retval;

            // Get history by looking at the hidden Iframe's location.hash.
            history_get = function() {
                return get_fragment( iframe.location.href );
            };

            // Set a new history item by opening and then closing the Iframe
            // document, *then* setting its location.hash. If document.domain has
            // been set, update that as well.
            history_set = function( hash, history_hash ) {
                var iframe_doc = iframe.document,
                    domain = $.fn[ str_hashchange ].domain;

                if ( hash !== history_hash ) {
                    // Update Iframe with any initial `document.title` that might be set.
                    iframe_doc.title = doc.title;

                    // Opening the Iframe's document after it has been closed is what
                    // actually adds a history entry.
                    iframe_doc.open();

                    // Set document.domain for the Iframe document as well, if necessary.
                    domain && iframe_doc.write( '<script>document.domain="' + domain + '"</script>' );

                    iframe_doc.close();

                    // Update the Iframe's hash, for great justice.
                    iframe.location.hash = hash;
                }
            };

        })();
        // ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
        // ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ REMOVE IF NOT SUPPORTING IE6/7/8 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
        // ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^

        return self;
    })();

})(jQuery,this);
